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Operational Definitions


Terms Describing Cumulonimbus (ISOL,OCNL,FRQ,EMBD)

Flight Categories (VLIFR,LIFR,IFR,MVFR,VFR)

Conditional Terms for Clouds and Visibility (ISOL/ISOLD,OCNL)

Convective Areal Coverage Terms (ISOL/ISOLD,WDLY SCT,SCT,NMRS)


Terms Describing Cumulonimbus (CBs): (ICAO Annex 3, Attachmetn F, 1998)

Term Contraction Duration
isolated ISOL indicates an area of individual cumulonimbus and/or thunderstorms with a maximum spacial coverage less than 50 percent of the area affected, or forecast to be affected, by the phenomena (at a fixed time or during the period of validity)
occasional OCNL indicates an area of well-separated cumulonimbus and/or thunderstorms with a maximum spatial coverage between 50 and 75 percent of the area affected, or forecast to be affected, by the phenomena (at the fixed time or during the period of validity)
frequent FRQ indicates an area of thunderstorms within which there is little or no separation between adjacent thunderstorms with a maximum spatial coverage greater than 75 percent of the area affected, or forecast to be affected, by the phenomena (at a fixed time or during the period of validity)
embedded EMBD indicates that the thunderstorms (including cumulonimbus cloud which is not accompanied by a thunderstorm) is embedded within cloud layers and cannot be readily recognized



Flight Categories: (NWS WSOM Chapter D-31)

Flight Rules Contraction Ceiling Visibility
very low instrument flight rules VLIFR < 200 feet < 0.5 mile
low instrument flight rules LIFR > 200 feet and < 500 feet > 0.5 mile and < 1 mile
instrument flight rules IFR > 500 and < 1000 feet > 1 and < 3 miles
marginal visual flight rules MVFR > 1000 and < 3000 feet > 3 and <5 miles
visual flight rules VFR > 3000 feet > 5 miles



Conditional Terms for Clouds and Visibility (in Aviation Area Forecast Products): (NWS WSOM Chapter D-20)

Term Contraction Duration
isolated ISOL (int'l)
ISOLD (U.S.)
used when clouds or visibility is expected to affect
less than 3,000 square miles or to be widely dispersed
occasional OCNL greater than 50 percent probability of the phenomena occurring
but for less than one-half of the forecast period or
a prescribed time span within the period



Convective Areal Coverage Terms (in Aviation Area Forecast Products): (NWS WSOM Chapter D-20)

Term Contraction Areal Coverage
isolated ISOL (int'l)
ISOLD (U.S.)
phenomena affects area less than 3,000 square miles and/or
events are widely separated in time
widely scattered WDLY SCT less than 25 percent of area affected
scattered SCT 25 to 50 percent of area affected
numerous (or widespread) NMRS more than 50 percent of area affected


Convective Areal Coverage Terms (in Public Forecast Products): (NWS WSOM Chapter C-11)

Term Areal Coverage
isolated 10 percent
widely scattered 20 percent
scattered 30 to 50 percent
numerous 60 to 70 percent


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Last updated on 2/27/10